Psychology 101-074
|
1. In an experiment, a bell is rung before a dog is presented with food powder until, after a number of pairings, the dog now salivates in response to the bell. In this experiment, the conditioned response is the: 2. It seems that almost every time little Bobby goes to the doctor's office he gets a shot. Now, upon entering the doctor's office, he cries hysterically. This is an example of classical conditioning in which the shot is the: 3. In classical conditioning the response is usually considered _______, while the response in operant conditioning is usually under _______ control. 4. When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of dogs, they began to salivate. His student assistant noticed that after being brought to the laboratory a number of times, the dogs would begin to salivate at the sound of the person's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a/an: 5. Tara notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as Tara opens a can of food with an electric can opener. In this example, the _________ is the conditioned stimulus. 6. Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when: 7. For classical conditioning to be most effective, the stimulus to be conditioned should: 8. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, always: 9. The technique called shaping involves: 10. Suppose Michelle wants to operantly condition her son Mikey to clean up his room. She waits until after he has not eaten for awhile, gives him a cookie, and tells him to go clean up the room. From an operant conditioning point of view, what is wrong with her procedure? 11. Sara begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery but he refuses. Sara continues to whine and complain until finally her father buys her the cookie. For her dad, the ending of Sara's whiny behavior is a ___________ and for Sara the cookie is a _______. 12. After paying a $500 fine, an able-bodied driver is careful not to park in a space reserved for handicapped drivers. The loss of money is a: 13. The week after he earns his driver's license, 16 year-old Evan arrives home an hour after curfew. As a consequence, Evan must wash the car on Saturday and is not allowed to drive it for a week. Washing the car is a __________, and losing driving privileges is 14. Sarabelle puts a dollar into the vending machine and gets nothing back. She puts in a second dollar and gets the same response. After her second attempt, she stops trying. This is an example of: 15. Charlie always asks Sally for money. Sally doesn't like this, but every now and then she gives Charlie money anyway. How can Sally extinguish Charlie's behavior? 16. Stimulus generalization occurs when, after conditioning, a response occurs to a stimulus that: 17. An experimenter places food at the end of a maze and several rats at the beginning of the maze. The experimenter then records how long it takes each rat to reach the food. The speed with which the rats run the maze is the: 18. If you wanted to study the relationship between drinking coffee and how well you perform on a test, the number of cups of coffee you drank would be the: 19. The control that is possible in an experiment is valuable because it: 20. Teachers were interviewed by a psychologist, and it was found that teachers with the highest IQs tended to be working in schools for mentally retarded children. The best term used to describe this type of study was a(n): 21. The process of getting encoded information out of storage and back into awareness is called: 22. You go to a theater and see, for just a few seconds, an ad for popcorn. After the ad disappears, you can still "see" the afterimage on the blank screen for a second, although it rapidly fades away. The memory system that is responsible for the afterimage is: 23. In order for an event to remain in the short-term memory, it must be: 24. Suppose you meet a woman with an incredible memory for lists of digits. She can recall the serial numbers of ten dollar bills after looking at them for only a few seconds. It is most accurate to conclude that she: 25. What is the capacity of short-term memory? 26. If one organized information and associated it with other information, perhaps by forming images, psychologists would say he or she was engaging in _____ rehearsal. 27. According to what you have learned about recall and recognition, which of the following types of test items would typically be the easiest? 28. Jason was in a bad car crash and finds that he does not remember any of the events that occurred before the accident. He may suffer from: 29. Maria studied Spanish for many years, and then took a year of Italian in college. If she had a harder time learning Italian than others who had never studied a foreign language before, we might suspect that she was experiencing what phenomenon? 30. The general term for clever ways of organizing information in memory to facilitate retention is: 31. In terms of comparing the mind to an information processor, more specifically, a computer, which of the following terms would be used? 32. When you roller blade, you are relying on ________ memory? 33. An 8 year-old child who scored like an average 10 year-old on an intelligence test would have a mental age of ______ and an IQ of ______. 34. Tests which are used to make predictions about some future behavior are called: 35. AmyLee is given a multiple-choice style test to assess her mood and pattern of thinking. After reading the first few test items, she quickly determines that if she chooses the first given choice for each item, it will cast her in the "best" possible light to the examiner. She therefore answers all items in this fashion. This is an example of: 36. A test is considered to be "valid" if it: 37. The Rorchasch Inkblot Test is an example of what kind of test: 38. Projective tests are called "projective" because it is believed that subjects: 39. A 500 item test of personality in which subjects are asked to indicate true or false to a variety of descriptive statements would best be considered: 40. The test you are currently taking would best be considered which type of test: |